Latest visualizations from the 2023 Survey of Earned Doctorates on the topic of temporary visa holders earning U.S. doctorates.

The latest results from the Survey of Federal Funds for R&D show, for the first time, federal agency obligations to each of the individual U.S. territories. Data are from the Survey of Federal Funds for R&D, conducted by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics within the U.S. National Science Foundation.

This document provides definitions of research and development (R&D) from U.S. and international sources and by performing sector. By providing this resource, the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics within the U.S. National Science Foundation aims to facilitate a better understanding of R&D reporting requirements and improve the quality of R&D data. R&D definitions are provided unedited as they appear in their original sources.

The ratio of U.S. research and development (R&D) to gross domestic product (GDP) reached 3.43% in 2022. The U.S. business-funded R&D-to-GDP ratio climbed to 2.59% in 2022, with business funding 75% of domestic R&D, compared to 31% in 1964. Federally funded R&D was 0.63% of GDP and 18% of domestic R&D in 2022 compared to 67% in 1964. Data are from the National Patterns of R&D Resources series from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics within the U.S. National Science Foundation.

Since 1951, the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) and its predecessors have provided annual data on the federal government’s obligations for research and development. During the past 75 years, these data have been witness to several historical events and changes. This InfoChart highlights several selected historical changes in the federal R&D portfolio. Data are from the Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development, conducted by NCSES, within the U.S. National Science Foundation.

In 2021, 16.1% of companies reported pursuing design as a structured, creative process, which is similar to the minority of companies that reported product innovation between 2019 and 2021 (9.4%). This InfoBrief presents data from the 2022 Annual Business Survey (ABS) (data year 2021) on the design approaches used by U.S. businesses. The ABS is cosponsored by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) within the U.S. National Science Foundation and by the Census Bureau. It collects data related to innovation, intellectual property, technology, and business owner characteristics from both microbusinesses and companies with 10 or more employees.

This set of data tables presents data on the research and development (R&D) outlays and obligations of federal agencies. Outlays are provided by agency for total R&D and total R&D plant. Obligations are provided for R&D by agency for type of work (basic research, applied research, and experimental development), field of R&D (for basic research, applied research, and experimental development), type of performer, and geographic area. Obligations are provided for R&D plant by agency for type of performer and geographic area. These data, collected by the Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics within the U.S. National Science Foundation, are the primary source of information about federal funding for R&D in the United States.

Federal obligations for research and experimental development decreased 2.1% in FY 2023. However, federal agency obligations for FY 2024 indicate federal funding for R&D is estimated to increase by 5.0%. These data are from the latest edition of the Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development, sponsored by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics within the U.S. National Science Foundation.

This report provides current data on the levels of and key trends in the performance and funding of research and development (R&D) in the United States, with comparisons to the historical record (back to 1953). Detailed statistical tables present data on U.S. R&D expenditures by performing sector, source of funds, type of R&D, and state. Data are drawn from multiple surveys from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics within the U.S. National Science Foundation.

New data from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) within the U.S. National Science Foundation indicate that research and experimental development (R&D) performed in the United States totaled $892 billion in 2022. The estimated total for 2023, based on performer-reported expectations, is $940 billion. The ratio of U.S. R&D to GDP was 3.43% in 2022, exceeding the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development average of 2.73%.